Is kosovo serbia or albania. It has a population of 1. Serbia promoted a joint economic and political zone between the three Western Balkan states, and asserted an “open-door policy” for anyone ready to cooperate. KFOR soldiers guard a municipal building in the town of Zvecan, northern Kosovo, Monday, May 29, 2023. During World War II, the region of Kosovo was split into three occupational zones: Italian, German, and Bulgarian. In this excerpt from the Watch List 2024, Crisis Group encourages the EU to foster bilateral dialogue aimed at normalising relations. But this latest of many Kosovo-Serbia crises persists. “Serb illegal structures turned into criminal gangs have attacked Kosovo police, KFOR Apr 27, 2023 · Leaders in Albanian-majority Kosovo and the Serb minority there backed by Belgrade, need to take “courageous” action towards normalizing relations, or risk growing regional instability, the head of the UN mission there (UNMIK) told the Security Council on Thursday. It was resolved with the intervention of NATO. Demographics. It borders Serbia to the north and east, North Macedonia to the southeast, Albania to the southwest and Montenegro to the west. It accuses Kosovo's central government of trampling on the rights of ethnic Serbs but denies accusations of whipping up May 30, 2023 · The conflict in Kosovo erupted in 1998 when separatist ethnic Albanians rebelled against Serbia's rule, and Serbia responded with a brutal crackdown. See also. Ethnic Serb Serbia considers Kosovo as a part of it, so if you enter Kosovo by any other country, Serbian administration would consider you illegally crossed the border. Including the disputed territory of Kosovo, Serbia's area is 88,361 km 2 (34,116 sq mi). Laura Boushnak for The New York Times. (Live Elez Han, Hani i Elezit, Live Gracanica, Gračanica, Live Prishtina ICK - Innovation Centre Kosovo. Serbia treats the 352 km (219 mi) border with Kosovo as an "administrative line"; it is under shared control of Kosovo border police and Serbian police forces. 1941 - World War Two: Much of Kosovo becomes part of an Italian-controlled greater Albania. On the same day Aleksandar Vucic, Serbia’s president, asked NATO, which ensures Serbia claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. In 1998–99, war crimes similar to those in 1912 against the Albanian population were committed. In the Macedonian census of 2002, 3,713 people identified as Egyptian, while in the Serbian census of 2002 (excluding Kosovo), 814 people identified as . The match was abandoned after several incidents of hooliganism took place both on and off the field. Official crime rate in most of this countries is actually lower then in EU :) Bon voyage :) Albanian authorities were concerned with attempts by Serbia to implicate Albania as a supporter of terrorism. After the game Xhaka shrugged off any suggestion of tension on the pitch, but he might be in a spot of Oct 5, 2023 · Analysts have expressed concerns that relations between Serbia and Kosovo could tip into an armed conflict, and say the world is largely distracted by the war in Ukraine. (415) 381-5861 FAX: 415-367-3081 inquire@originalworld. You've become a joke. Sep 27, 2021 · Not quite, because there is an obstacle in the way, namely Serbia, which opposes Kosovo’s unification with Albania as much as it opposes Kosovo’s independence. Read Also On My Blog: The Perfect Cambodia Travel Itinerary: Phnom Penh to Angkor Wat. Sep 25, 2023 · BELGRADE, Serbia (AP) — Tensions between Serbia and Kosovo flared anew over the weekend when some 30 heavily armed Serbs barricaded themselves in an Orthodox monastery in northern Kosovo, setting off a daylong gunbattle with police that left one officer and three attackers dead. Kosovo’s government had Jun 6, 2023 · Serbia: Serbia is a landlocked country in eastern Europe that shares borders with Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria, etc. Mar 21, 2024 · Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), ethnic Albanian Kosovar militant group active during the 1990s that sought Kosovo’s independence from Serbia, a republic in the federation of Yugoslavia. They speak Gheg Albanian, more specifically the Northwestern and Northeastern Gheg variants. Albania during the Balkan Wars; Anti-Albanian sentiment May 1, 2024 · On 17 February 2008, the Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo independent. Interactive Traffic Map to get detailed, street-level traffic and road conditions. Sep 25, 2023 · Serbia and Kosovo, its former province, have been at odds for decades. The most popular ones seemed to be legal arguments saying that the initial secession was illegal, saying that I was asking a dumb question. History of Albania, a survey of the important events and people in the history of Albania from ancient times to the present. Kosovo police have been arresting local Serbs who, they say, have attacked NATO peacekeepers and journalists The 20th Century: First partitioned in 1913 between Serbia and Montenegro, Kosovo was then incorporated into the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later named Yugoslavia) after World War I. From 1389 until 1912, Kosovo was officially governed by the Muslim Ottoman Empire and a high level Aug 1, 2022 · Más de 20 años después de la guerra, las tensiones entre Kosovo y Serbia se reavivan. Public transport is extremely safe in the Balkans. 9 million people, and ethnic Albanians form 93 percent of the May 30, 2023 · Kosovo, where a majority of the population is ethnic Albanian and Muslim, declared its independence from Serbia in 2008, almost a decade after NATO’s bombing campaign that drove Serb forces In May 2022 during the World Economic Forum in Davos, Serbia's Aleksandar Vučić remarked "the relations between Albania, Serbia, and North Macedonia have never been better. Reply reply. Before the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, the entire Balkan region had been Christianized by both the Western and Eastern Roman Empire. Kosovo is still struggling to shake off its reliance on imports from Serbia, while trade with Albania has declined despite bilateral initiatives. The territory is the During a Belgrade protest in March denouncing the European Union’s plan for the normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo, FoNet news agency reporter Marko Dragoslavić was forcibly May 30, 2023 · 1 of 12 | . 6 million inhabitants, excluding Kosovo. Banjska attack. Â Learn about this fascinating and complicated region as well as my favorite tips for independent travel wherever you are heading below and on the podcast. Tension has flared between Kosovo’s ethnic Serbs and the government in Pristina – a worrying development 14 years after Kosovo declared independence from Serbia. The trigger for the latest flare-up was the killing of a Kosovar 28. ”. Kristittyjen armeija hävisi. Traditional Kosovar society, for both Albanians and Serbs, has an important Apr 19, 2019 · Kosovo: between independence and unification. As has been the case for the past three decades, when the future of the Balkans is debated, the question of a “Greater Albania” surfaces, as it is now, only to fade and resurface. Kosovo’s Serb minority sees the ethnic Albanian police as Feb 27, 2021 · A huge banner suggested a third name: “Trump Lake. Ethnic Albanian rebels launched a rebellion in 1998 to rid the country of Serbian Dec 20, 2022 · On December 15th Albin Kurti, Kosovo’s prime minister, handed in his country’s application to join the EU. A senior U. The fate of Kosovo hinges on Serbia and the outcome of war in Ukraine. Dec 12, 2022 · Kosovo, which has an overwhelmingly ethnic Albanian majority, broke away from Serbia after a war in 1998-99. In 1913 the Kosovo Vilayet was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbia, which in 1918 formed Yugoslavia. Masyarakat etnis Albania banyak yang dibunuh, diperkosa, diusir dari Kosovo, dibakar rumahnya, dan lain-lain. Pero, para muchos serbios, Kosovo es su patria. Feb 25, 2021 · Key Facts. Its capital Belgrade is also the largest city . These events have deeply affected Albania–Serbia relations. May 30, 2023 · Kosovo’s president Vjosa Osmani claimed that Serbia was destabilising its southern neighbour. Flag. kesäkuuta 1389 käytiin Kosovo Poljen taistelu, jossa olivat osapuolina yhdistyneet kristityt joukot, joita komensivat serbit sekä Osmanien valtakunnan joukot. Hostilities are on the rise between minority ethnic Serbs and majority ethnic Albanians in Kosovo, which was a province of Serbia during Yugoslav times but broke Sep 25, 2023 · Serbia, however, still formally deems Kosovo to be part of its territory. Background Kosovo , which borders Albania , was a province of Serbia, which itself was a part of Yugoslavia (1929–2003). By the way if Kosovo was Serbia you wouldn't have to repeated daily. The map shows Kosovo, a landlocked country in the Balkans in Southeastern Europe. Jun 11, 2023 · Serbia lost Kosovo to the Ottoman Empire for 500 years in the 1389 Battle of Kosovo. Apr 15, 2021 · For many Kosovars, a union with Albania would provide security against an increasingly expansionist and nationalist Serbia, and make it more difficult for Belgrade to meddle in the politics of its Apr 29, 2024 · Serbia doesn’t recognize the international borders of Kosovo so, in the eyes of Serbia, if you enter Kosovo from either Montenegro, Albania or North Macedonia, you’d be entering Serbia illegally. Their 1998-99 war left more than 10,000 people dead, mostly Kosovo Albanians. [165] Dont forget Kosovo is by the United Nations part of Serbia and my country is pretty strict about borders :) So Croatia-Serbia-Kosovo(Serbia)-Albania-Macedonia is pretty cool. Seeing as I plan to move to Kosovo sometime in the next year, I Nov 24, 2021 · While the unification of Kosovo and Albania is unlikely, the mere threat could result in political and economic brinkmanship between Kosovo and Serbia and sporadic episodes of unrest in the Balkans. Hal inilah yang menjadi penyebab mengapa masyarakat etnis Albania di Mar 12, 2024 · TIRANA, Albania —. com. [56] [57] [58] It was fought between the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i. About 13,000 people, mostly ethnic Albanians In Albania and Kosovo, this understanding of the Balkan Wars is part of the educational curriculum. Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia; Categories: Kosovo 's modern history can be traced to the Ottoman Sanjak of Prizren, of which parts were organised into Kosovo Vilayet in 1877. Mapcarta, the open map. Yusuke97. Serbia does not recognize Kosovo as an independent state and continues to claim it as the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. Sept. Unlike you Serbs we don't care what you say. Kosovo Albanians became more organised and desired independence from Serbia in the 1980s. Sep 30, 2023 · By Emma Bubola , Katie Rogers and Cora Engelbrecht. 20, Kosovo Prime Minister Albin Kurti said that he would support a referendum on unification with Albania if it was “peaceful and Jan 22, 2024 · Not fully recognized under international law, Kosovo is a “de facto state”. A UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying match involving the national association football teams of Serbia and Albania took place on 14 October 2014 at Partizan Stadium, in Belgrade, Serbia. The Kosova Information Center hosts a number of very graphic photographs of atrocities from the massacre at Racak, January 15, 1999, when Serb security forces killed 45 Kosovo Albanians in Nov 25, 2022 · 1918 - Kosovo becomes part of the kingdom of Serbia. There are 1. “From zero land wars in I spent several months exploring most of the Balkan states of Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro and North Macedonia. Kosovo was an autonomous province within Yugoslavia until 1989, when Serbia took control of Kosovo’s administration, prompting protests from the region’s Albanian population. Yesterday I asked r/serbia why Serbs feel that Kosovo should belong to them and got some passionate responses. South Mar 24, 2019 · Kosovo declaró su independencia de Serbia en 2008, pero Serbia jamás la ha reconocido. Serbia continues to reject Kosovo's independence, but the two countries began EU-facilitated discussions in 2013 to normalize relations, which resulted in several agreements. About 13,000 people, mostly ethnic Albanians May 29, 2023 · Kosovo’s majority ethnic Albanians view Kosovo as their country and accuse Serbia of occupation and repression. Albania–Kosovo relations ( Albanian: Marrëdhëniet Shqiptaro-Kosovare) refer to the current, cultural and historical relations of Albania and Kosovo. Most Ashkali live in Kosovo, but they also reside in Serbia and Montenegro, while most Balkan Egyptians are thought to live in North Macedonia and Albania, rather than Kosovo. Almost 15 years ago, Kosovo proclaimed its independence from Serbia. As the White House called on Friday for Serbia to roll back its troops amassed on the Kosovo border, United States officials Hello guys, 16M American here. During World War II, parts of Kosovo were absorbed into Italian-occupied Albania. Serbia, a landlocked country located in the Balkan Peninsula's central region. Nevertheless, the country’s path to full and recognised independence still has a long way to go, especially concerning Serbia’s recognition. Serbia consistently refuses to accept Kosovo Albanians’ 2008 secession. BELGRADE, Serbia (AP) — Tensions between Serbia and Kosovo flared anew this weekend after Kosovo’s police raided Serb-dominated areas in the region’s north Kosovo - Yugoslav, Serbia, Albanian: A broad treatment of the history of the Kosovo region, from the medieval era to the present, follows. After Prizren, Kosovo is pretty much done and it is time to go back to Albania. That culminated in Feb 26, 2008 · Noel Malcolm. An Albanian secessionist rebellion escalated into the Kosovo conflict (1998–99), which culminated in NATO air strikes and the withdrawal of Yugoslav and Serbian forces. The KLA found great moral and financial support among Aug 4, 2022 · 4 Aug 2022. Kosovo declared its independence on 17 February 2008. Nato, which has peacekeeping troops in Kosovo, called on all parties to avoid provocations. Serbia doesn’t recognize Kosovo’s formal declaration of independence in 2008. Many Serbs consider Kosovo the birthplace of their nation. The Balkans are usually characterized as comprising Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia—with all or part of those countries located within the peninsula. It ended after a 78-day NATO bombing campaign that compelled Serbian forces to withdraw from Kosovo. official on Tuesday said he would be visiting Kosovo in the next days to put "back on track" talks on normalizing ties between Kosovo and Serbia, after tensions The term by most definitions fully encompasses Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, European Turkey, most of Serbia and large parts of Croatia. "Kosovo is Serbia", "Ask any historian" read the unlikely placards, waved by angry Serb demonstrators in Brussels on Sunday. For earlier history and for further discussion of the historical Albanian and Serb populations, see Balkans, Albania, and Serbia. Kosovo conflict, 1998–99 conflict in which ethnic Albanians opposed ethnic Serbs and the government of Yugoslavia (the rump of the former federal state, comprising the republics of Serbia and Montenegro) in Kosovo. Balkans tours to Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Kosovo and Serbia on an Original World small group tour of the Balkans. After the Italian capitulation, Nazi Germany assumed control May 31, 2023 · Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008 following the 1998-99 war in which Kosovar Albanians attempted to split from what was then Yugoslavia, made up of today’s Serbia and Montenegro. Islam in Kosovo. Adanya KLA, membuat pemerintahan Serbia terdorong untuk mengambil tindakan represif berupa ethnic cleansing atau pembersihan etnis terhadap etnis Albania di Kosovo. The origins of the Albanian people are not definitely known, but data drawn from history May 30, 2023 · Peace talks in France failed and in March 1999 NATO began bombing Serbia to force it to withdraw from Kosovo. 3 days ago · Balkans, easternmost of Europe’s three great southern peninsulas. It accuses Kosovo's central government of trampling on the rights of ethnic Serbs but denies accusations of whipping up Sep 24, 2023 · Serbia, however, still formally deems Kosovo to be part of its territory. [10] Jun 4, 2023 · Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008, a decade after Serbian president Slobodan Milošević’s ethnic cleansing campaign against its majority Albanian population. Additional agreements were reached in 2015 and 2023, but implementation remains incomplete. Nov 22, 2023 · In May, Serb demonstrators in northern Kosovo clashed with NATO peacekeeping troops. Dec 29, 2022 · The Serbian government and Kosovo Serbs in northern Kosovo do not recognise Kosovo’s independence, which the country gained in 2008. Albania has an embassy in Pristina and Kosovo has an embassy in Tirana. S. ZUBIN POTOK, Kosovo — Ljiljana Trifonovic, an ethnic Serb living in a waterside hamlet in northern Kosovo during the Second World War was in a very dramatic period, because different currents clashed, bringing constant tensions within it. Sometimes the term also includes Romania and southern parts of Slovenia . Suuri osa serbien armeijasta romahti, ja seuraavien vuosien aikana Serbia oli heikko osmaneja vastaan. Serbian fans had chanted "Ubij, ubij Šiptara " ( Kill, kill the Sep 25, 2023 · World Sep 25, 2023 6:19 PM EDT. Feb 17, 2023 · Kosovo is a southeastern European country bordered by Albania, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. Dec 28, 2021 · Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Kosovo; Serbia; North Macedonia; Montenegro; The Kizevak mass grave was the fifth such site to be discovered in Serbia since the end of the Kosovo war. In 1946 the country officially became the People’s Republic of Albania and in 1976 the People’s Socialist Republic of Albania. BELGRADE, Serbia (AP) — Tensions between Serbia and Kosovo flared anew over the weekend when some 30 heavily armed Serbs barricaded themselves in an Orthodox Apr 12, 2023 · Today the deputy speaker of Kosovo’s parliament helps oversee a Balkan country that, a decade and a half after it declared its independence from Serbia in 2008, remains beset by economic May 27, 2023 · The conflict in Kosovo erupted in 1998 when separatist ethnic Albanians rebelled against Serbia’s rule, and Serbia responded with a brutal crackdown. Live Traffic Map Of Kosovo. While the Albanian government has been facing tense demonstrations across the country since mid Kosovo unilaterally self proclaimed independence from Serbia in 2008, a move which Serbia strongly rejects. Partisans from Albania and Yugoslavia led the fight for Kosovo's independence from the Nov 23, 2023 · Kosovo gunfight cause for concern. In September, a Kosovo police officer and three Serb gunmen were killed in a shootout after about 30 masked men opened fire on a police patrol near the Kosovo village of Banjska. Some 800,000 Albanians fled or were expelled to Macedonia and Albania before Milosevic May 29, 2023 · World May 29, 2023 3:41 PM EDT. Kosovo Albanians belong to the ethnic Albanian sub-group of Ghegs, [10] who inhabit the north of Albania, north of the Shkumbin river, Kosovo, southern Serbia, and western parts of North Macedonia. Nov 4, 2022 · November 4, 2022 09:25. Islam in Kosovo has a long-standing tradition dating back to the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans. Between 23 and 24 September 2023, Serb Sep 30, 2023 · The long fractious ties between Kosovo and Serbia are once again on edge after one of the worst outbreaks of violence in years. If that was the case, your entry to Serbia will be denied. Serbia condemned NATO-led peacekeepers stationed in neighboring Kosovo for their alleged failure to stop “brutal actions” by Kosovo police against ethnic Serbs, and said that its armed forces stationed near the border will remain on the highest state of alert until further notice. History of Kosovo, a survey of important events and people in Kosovo, from the medieval era to the present. However, excluding Kosovo, Serbia has an area of 77,474 km 2 (29,913 sq mi). Macedonia or Montenegro and then enter Serbia. 30, 2023. The capital and largest city is Pristina; its historic capital is Prizren. This was when Kosovo was used as the name of the entire territory for the first time. Albania's PM said Kosovo is independent in Belgrade. 01 EST. Valbona and Theth. May 19, 2023 · A mayor from Kosovo's ethnic Albanian ruling party was sworn into office in the majority Serb half of the divided town of Mitrovica on Friday a month after local elections that were boycotted by Dec 3, 2022 · Here was Albania-Kosovo-Serbia in a freeze-frame, a history primer for the TikTok generation. Serbia has about 6. May 7, 2023 · But more importantly, it would pave the way for Kosovo, Serbia, and the rest of the western Balkans to join Euro-Atlantic alliances such as the EU and Nato, stabilising the entire volatile region All of Kosovo's border with Albania (115 km (71 mi)), North Macedonia (159 km (99 mi)) and Montenegro (79 km (49 mi)) are under control of the Kosovo border police. Jun 29, 2023 · On June 26th they were freed. Kosovo: Kosovo is a small landlocked region that lies to Serbia’s southwest, sharing borders with North Macedonia, Albania, and Montenegro. 8 million Albanians living in Kosovo – officially 92. 50 euros and a lunch of Qebapa is €2-3 euros. Please click the camera icon of the point you want to view it live. The Kosovo War caused thousands of Kosovar Albanians to join the KLA ranks. 1946 - Kosovo is absorbed into the Yugoslav federation. Current Border Wait Times. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the war, and the Kosovo - Albanian, Serbian, Culture: The cultural lives of Kosovo’s Albanians and Serbs, although distinctive, bear many resemblances to those of the peoples of Albania and Serbia, respectively. So if you want to enter Kosovo first, you’ll have to exit either in N. As observed on the physical map of Serbia, the rugged mountains, hills and valleys Nov 9, 2023 · The 1998-1999 war between Serbia and Kosovo killed more than 10,000 people, mostly Kosovo Albanians. However, differences and disputes remain, while North Kosovo is partially under Serbian rule. From late antiquity through the late Middle Ages, much of the Balkans lay within the borderlands of the Byzantine Empire. For further information on the cultures of those countries, see Albania: Cultural life and Serbia: Cultural life. Serbia’s dictatorial leader, Slobodan Milosevic, used Serbian nationalism to seize power in 1989, depriving Kosovo of its autonomy. A pocas horas de la entrada en vigor de la prohibición de documentos y matrículas serbias, una polémica The highlight of the trip was the warm Albanian people who have managed to keep their humanity and sense of humor in spite of their daily hardship. Kosovo unilaterally declared independence in 2008 but Belgrade has refused to recognize the move. Pero su historia como nación independiente es muy reciente, antes Feb 16, 2023 · On March 16, 1998, with a loaves of bread in their hands and placards with the slogan “Stop the Genocide”, thousands of Kosovo Albanian women walked from Pristina to the region of Drenica in Jan 30, 2024 · Tensions between Kosovo and Serbia have soared since 2021, with protests in Kosovo’s northern municipalities at Pristina’s assertions of authority. Mon 25 Feb 2008 19. The country occupies an area of 10,887 km², making it Sep 10, 2023 · An espresso at the trendy Gatsby bar next to the Bridge is €0. On Nov. Sunday’s clash was one of the worst since Kosovo declared Big deal. 93% of Kosovo's entire population – and Albanian is May 30, 2023 · Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008, following the 1998-99 war in which Kosovar Albanians attempted to break from what was then the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, made up of today Kosovo is a largely mountainous country in the Balkan region of Europe. Otros países sí lo han hecho. The territory’s history is complicated, and it has Dec 27, 2022 · Kosovo es un pequeño país sin salida al mar de los Balcanes, fronterizo con Albania, Macedonia del Norte, Montenegro y Serbia. This is rather flattering for The Kosovo War ( Albanian: Lufta e Kosovës, Serbian: Косовски рат, Kosovski rat) was an armed conflict in Kosovo that lasted from 28 February 1998 until 11 June 1999. The Albanian Army had an estimated 4,000–6,000 soldiers, and Yugoslavia was said to have "little regard" for the country's military. The Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija ( Serbian: Косово и Метохиja, romanized : Kosovo i Metohija; Albanian: Kosova dhe Metohia ), commonly known as Kosovo and abbreviated to Kosmet or KiM, is an autonomous province defined by the Constitution of Serbia that occupies the southernmost part of Serbia. e. The Kosova Information Center hosts a number of very graphic photographs of atrocities from the massacre at Racak, January 15, 1999, when Serb security forces killed 45 Kosovo Albanians in Sep 27, 2021 · Not quite, because there is an obstacle in the way, namely Serbia, which opposes Kosovo’s unification with Albania as much as it opposes Kosovo’s independence. The Banjska attack ( Albanian: Sulmi në Banjskë; Serbian: Напад у Бањској, romanized : Napad u Banjskoj) was an armed attack carried out by Serb militants against the Kosovo Police which took place in the village of Banjska located in North Kosovo on 24 September 2023. Apr 7, 2015 · The unification of Albania and Serbia's majority-Albanian former province of Kosovo is "inevitable", whether it happens through membership of the European Union or not, Albania's prime minister The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) was an ethnic-Albanian paramilitary organisation which sought the separation of Kosovo from Yugoslavia during the 1990s and the eventual creation of a Greater Albania, encompassing Kosovo, Albania, and the ethnic Albanian minority of neighbouring Macedonia. hn ej zn yi oc qa rc ii we et